Photoatlas of Inclusion in Gem Stone

Bird Stone - Bird stones are prehistoric, abstract stone carvings made by Native Americans. The artifacts were a common inclusion in graves and though to have ceremonial importance.

Artificial gem - Artificial gems are not imitations of real gems, but the actual formation by artificial means of the real precious stone, so that the product is identical, chemically, physically and optically, with the one found in nature. For instance, in chemical composition the lustrous diamond is nothing but crystallized carbon.

Gemma Augustea - The Gemma Augustea (or Gem of Augustus) is a low-relief cameo gem cut from a double-layered Arabian onyx stone. It is commonly agreed that the gem cutter who created the Gemma Augustea was either Dioscurides or one of his disciples, around A.

Pleochroism - Pleochroism is an optical phenomenon where due to double refraction of light by a colored gem or crystal, the light is divided into two paths which are polarized at a 90° angle to each other. As the divided light follows different paths within the stone and are traveling at different speeds, they may have the result of differential selective absorption, thus when they leave the crystal they have different colors, making the stone seem to be of different colors.

Simon and Schuster's Guide to Gems and Precious Stones by Kennie Lyman,

"Simon & Schuster's Guide to Gems photoatlas of inclusion in gem stone and Precious Stones" provides both the connoisseur photoatlas of inclusion in gem stone and the casual collector with a compact, easy-to-use volume describing more than 100 rare varieties of minerals whose beauty photoatlas of inclusion in gem stone and mystery have possessed our imaginations from time immemorial. More than 450 brilliant photographs accompany profiles of each gem, covering such aspects as appearance, physical properties -- density, hardness, refraction -- occurrence, photoatlas of inclusion in gem stone and how to judge quality photoatlas of inclusion in gem stone and value. Additional sections describe the process of cutting gemstones photoatlas of inclusion in gem stone and the techniques professional gemologists use to evaluate a stone's weight photoatlas of inclusion in gem stone and optical properties. Detailed photoatlas of inclusion in gem stone and comprehensive, this book is essential for anyone interested in the study of gems photoatlas of inclusion in gem stone and precious stones.
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Magic of Jewels by George Frederick Kunz,

Jewels, gems, stones, superstitions photoatlas of inclusion in gem stone and astrological lore are all so interwoven in history that to treat of either of them alone would mean to break the chain of association linking them one with the other. Contents: magic stones photoatlas of inclusion in gem stone and electric gems; on meteorites or celestial stones; stones of healing; on the virtues of fabulous stones, concretions photoatlas of inclusion in gem stone and fossils; snake stones photoatlas of inclusion in gem stone and bezoars; angels photoatlas of inclusion in gem stone and ministers of grace; on the religious use of various stones; amulets, ancient, medieval, Oriental; amulets of primitive peoples photoatlas of inclusion in gem stone and of modern times; facts photoatlas of inclusion in gem stone and fancies about precious stones. Extensively illustrated.
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photoatlasofinclusioningemstone

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